In anatomical terminology, including the Terminologia Anatomica international standard, the word for a bone is os (for example, os breve, os longum, os sesamoideum).īone is not uniformly solid, but consists of a flexible matrix (about 30%) and bound minerals (about 70%) which are intricately woven and endlessly remodeled by a group of specialized bone cells. The Greek word for bone is ὀστέον ("osteon"), hence the many terms that use it as a prefix-such as osteopathy.
The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in the middle ear. In the human body at birth, there are approximately 300 bones present many of these fuse together during development, leaving a total of 206 separate bones in the adult, not counting numerous small sesamoid bones. Other types of tissue found in bones include bone marrow, endosteum, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. Bone tissue is mineralized tissue of two types, cortical bone and cancellous bone. The mineralized matrix of bone tissue has an organic component of mainly collagen called ossein and an inorganic component of bone mineral made up of various salts. Modified (flattened) osteoblasts become the lining cells that form a protective layer on the bone surface. Osteoblasts and osteocytes are involved in the formation and mineralization of bone osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue. Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells. It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity. They are lightweight yet strong and hard and serve multiple functions.īone tissue (osseous tissue), which is also called bone in the uncountable sense of that word, is hard tissue, a type of specialized connective tissue.
Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and external structures.
Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.
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